Had
my training session with Diego this morning - in the
rain! I haven't had so much fun in
a long time, it was brilliant!
Diego
Speedy
Friday
27th, August
Saturday
28th, August
Sunday
29th, August
Sky
Ride
About
Sky Ride
Sky
have
come together with British Cycling to help grow Britain's
love of life on two wheels.
While Team Sky's professional road-racing team aims
to take on the world, Sky Ride aims to get more people
of all ages and abilities out on their bikes - and that
means you!
Cycling is already one of the fastest growing sports
in the UK and with our encouragement we want to help
people understand the thrill of getting back in the
saddle. We want to get more people healthier, fitter
and happier and have set ourselves the target of getting
one million more people on a bike by 2013.
Sky Ride offers a host of opportunities, from free mass
participation events to smaller led-group rides for
all abilities. There's something for beginners and the
most experienced riders.
Last year we ran five Sky Ride events in Manchester,
Hounslow, Glasgow, Leicester and central London. More
than 110,000 cycling fanatics flooded the streets last
August to cap a memorable summer in the saddle - and
this year Sky Ride will be even bigger!
We'll be closing the city streets again so that you
can experience our greatest landmarks in a safe, traffic
free way with thousands of others. We'll also build
on the success of our Sky Ride Local rides. These led-rides
explore the countryside and vary in levels, from beginners
to more experienced cyclists. Whatever level you choose,
you'll be riding on safe routes, with your ride leaders.
And if you haven't dusted off your bike for a while,
want a new challenge or you want to help us inspire
the nation, then this is for you.
I
was at Eversholt Street docking station before 9am.
I tried to unlock about six bikes and kept getting red
lights so thought there was something wrong with my
key or account. I called them up and the guy at the
other end directed me to a specific bike, which I was
able to unlock. Nice start!
I
decided to join the circuit at Embankment so rode down
Eversholt, Southampton Row and meant to go down Kingsway
but ended up heading East on High Holborn. I had originally
wanted to start the ride at St Paul's but decided against
that because of the route, now I was headed where I
didn't want to go. Luckily I spotted a docking station
on Chancery Lane and after docking the bike for the
requisite 5 minutes I headed South again and was soon
at the river.
My
first decision on arrival at Embankment was a 'fatal'
one. I decided to do the Westminster section first,
then the St Paul's bit and finally Tower Hill. I did
the Westminster bit no problem, I even managed to take
snaps
and video,
even uploading the files - the brain was functioning
well.
By
the time I got round to Embankment again, this time
heading East, my legs were burning - lactic acid I think
it is - and I was in 2nd gear on the flat, only pride
stopped me from changing down to 1st. Funny now but
I promise you it wasn't then!
The
'climb' up to St Paul's/Mansion House was the real killer,
I can't remember having ever been in such pain before.
The most disturbing thing about all this is that there
was this little girl on her pink bike with 15 inch wheels,
who seemed to be around me all the time. At this point
I started thinking about calling it a day, I had also
forgotten about photos and video. I was in survival
mode!
After
freewheeling down from St Paul's I was feeling a bit
better so kept pushing on to Tower Hill, after all £25
to Oxfam is nothing to sneeze at. :-)
I
finally called it quits when I saw a large group sweeping
up a gradient I knew I couldn't fit do!
I
docked the bike on Lower Thames Street, made a couple
of calls, drank the last of my water and even managed
a smoke. :-)
Rode
back to Whitehall, docked the last bike and got a 29
home from Trafalgar Square.
The
goal is to do two full circuits next year!
A
really great day out in central London.
PS.
I was very surprised to find that I had managed to do
my ride in 'under 30 minute rides'. That means it cost
me just the £1 access fee. Isn't that just brilliant?
I'm well chuffed.
SKY
RIDE
- 2010
The
Palace
The
Guards Cenotaph
Lower
Thames Street
Downing
Street
Monday
6th September
All
the pictures were taken with the camera on my phone
set at 2MP. I took the big camera but with everything
else I had to do, it was one task too many. I'm pleasantly
surprised that the pictures came out so well.
Tuesday
7th September
Wednesday
8th September
I'm
planning to pop down to Rivington Place today
to see J's recommended exhibition of James Barnor's
work. Whether or not I ride, depends on the weather.
:-)
I
didn't realise the exhibition opened on the 17th!
EVER YOUNG: JAMES BARNOR, STREET
AND STUDIO PHOTOGRAPHY, GHANA/UK
17.09.10 - 27.11.10
James
Barnor was born in Accra, Ghana,
in 1929. He started his own photographic practice
in 1949 in a makeshift street
studio in Jamestown, until
he opened Ever Young Studio in 1953.
In the early 1950s, he began working for The
Daily Graphic newspaper and later Drum magazine.
Project
Space 2
THE PARIS ALBUMS 1900: W.E.B. DU BOIS
17.09.10 - 27.11.10
I
decided to take advantage of the good weather and ride
to Regent's Park after visiting the museum, so didn't
check out any of the other exhibits. I've got a couple
of tickets
to the "curator's introduction to the Akan
drum" on the 8th, I hope to take some better
photographs then.
Outer
circle = 2.8 miles
Inner circle = 0.6 miles
Satellite image of The
Regent's Park
Monday
20th June
Was
on the road before 05:30. Did one lap of the outer and
two of the inner, had more steam but was feeling a bit
tender so cut the ride short. Padded shorts are on the
wish list.
The
Regent's Canal
Tuesday
21th June
Arrived
at the circuit just before 06:00 and it quickly became
apparent that the 'shorts issue' was very real indeed!
No pain, no gain I guess. :-(
I
took a stroll through the park at the Baker Street end,
you can check-out the tranquil scene on YouTube.
Chain
came off for the first time, I managed to yank it free
after a couple of attempts. With practice my gear changing
should improve.
For
the fourth day in a row conditions were ideal for cycling.
Wednesday
22th June
It's
05:16, there's rain forecast for later, but it looks
pretty good right now. I should be out of here in 15.
My
body is one giant ache, it must mean I'm exercising
the 'dormant' muscles so it's 'good pain'! :-)
Did
the customary 1 outer and 2 inner and a couple of lengths
of the broadwalk.
I'll
see how far I can get along the towpath in 45 mins tomorrow.
It's the Grand Union canal after the Paddington Basin.
Wehey!
Thursday
23th June
Chickened
out of the canal ride, think I'll wait till I have better
control of the bike.
I'm
starting to appreciate why some people go for bikes
with fixed gears...........
Need
to get some proper eye protection, my shades just don't
cut it.
1
outer, 2 inner and 2 lengths of the broad walk.
Friday
24th June
What
a glorious morning.
Ordered
a pair of tinted sports glasses yesterday, could have
used them today.
Almost
came a cropper on some gravel turning into the park,
won't do that again!
Top
ride.
1
outer, 2 inner and 2 lengths of the broad walk.
Saturday
25th June
It's
still wet after all the rain we had last night, I'll
have to be extra careful.
Rain,
rain, rain.....
Wasn't
as bad as I'd feared, in fact my feet slipping off the
pedals was the biggest problem. So what, cleats or 'cycling
shoes' next? Where does it end? :-)
Good
ride.
Avenue Gardens - Regent's Park
2
outer, 2 lengths of the broad walk and 30 min walk through
the park.
Pretty
sure I won't be doing the whole route, but it should
be a great day out. A high of 29°C is forecast for
central London today, not exactly ideal conditions for
cycling. Lots of fluids and sunscreen will be in order
me thinks!
Look
out for video and photos uploaded to Twitpic
during the event.
I
don't appear to have suffered any ill effects from yesterday's
'marathon' ride. It's quite incredible really that after
just one week my body is getting used to the exercise
regime. I feel great!
2
outer, 2 lengths of Broad Walk and
walk around the boating lake.
Tuesday
28th June
Slept
in so left home well after 06:00, lovely morning.
Did
1 lap of the outer and 1 length of the Broadwalk, then
decided to ride along the canal towpath. Went down to
Lisson Grove, turned around and rode to the Islington
Tunnel.
Looking
West at the Islington tunnel
Is
this exercise? :-)
Wednesday
29th June
Slept
in again, might go out later.
Got
back from Harrow at around 23:00, so didn't manage to
do any riding. :-(
Thursday
30th June
Was
on the road at 05:15.
London
Zoo.
Lovely
morning, bit of a chill in the air. Wanted to ride East
on the towpath but the gates - on stretches where houseboats
are moored - were locked, they open at 07:30.
2 outer, 2 inner, 2 Broad Walk, Lisson Grove and back
to the zoo.
London
Sky Ride- Sunday
4th September 2011
Sky Ride is coming back to London!
We’re giving you the unique opportunity
to ride your bike through London’s streets,
without a car in sight. It’s free and
easy to register and anyone can get involved,
no matter how wobbly you might be on a bike.
In 2010, more than 80,000 people took part in
Sky Ride in Central London. Please note, it’s
an extremely popular day and the route does
get busy. We’ll do all we can to avoid
congestion but do bear in mind that the busiest
times are between 12 noon and 3.00pm. So come
early to beat the crowds!
Riding your bike can be one of the most rewarding
ways to take in London’s array of famous
landmarks and the perfect opportunity to visit
some of the city’s world-renowned attractions.
For more information: Sky
Ride
JULY
2011
Friday
1st July
Nice
morning.
2
outer, 1inner, 2 lengths of the Broadwalk.
Saturday
2nd July
Left
home at around 05:00, excellent cycling conditions.
2
outer, 1 inner, 2 lengths of Broad Walk, Lisson grove
and back to zoo.
Sunday
3rd July
Took
the train up to Luton at 06:02 to ride with Neils, it
was great. I just can't believe I didn't take any photographs,
not one!
Left
Neils' just before dark, used the Hatters
Way, it was downhill all the way! Got into St Pancras
at around 22:30.
Monday
4th July
Didn't
leave till well after 06:00, was on skype with Chris
till 02:00.
Very
nice morning.
Royal
College Street.
2
outer, 1 inner, 1 Broad Walk, zoo to Lisson Grove -
Lisson Grove to Royal College Street
Tuesday
5th July
05:00
start, lovely morning.
Decided
to stop and investigate a seemingly out of place structure
I'd noticed previously. Turns out it's a frame for a
trapeze! Gorilla Circus Flying Trapeze School, checkout
their website if you'd like a go, they'll be there till
the middle of August. They're next to the running
track at the North Western boundry of the park.GorillaCircus.com
2
outer, 1 inner, 2 lengths of Broad Walk and 30 minute
walk in the park.
Wednesday
6th July
Dr Bike
at Olympic Ride
A bike ride organised by Corporation Of London
will leave Hampstead Heath (Parliament Hill
music stand) at 10:30 and head into the city.
Camden Cyclists will provide a Dr Bike and information
at the start. All welcome to join the ride.
LCCC
Jul
06, 2011
10:00 AM to 12:45 PM
Parliament Hill (Hampstead Heath)
Arrived
at Parliament Hill Bandstand
at around 09:45 and there was no one there.
Dr Bike arrived about 45 minutes later and I
had a long chat with him, his real name is James,
very nice chap.
The
Corporation of London people finally
turned up at around 10:30 to setup their stall,
a band from the local primary school provided
the music.
We
were finally waved off at 11:00 by the small
crowd that had gathered.
The
ride to the Guildhall was leisurely and uneventful.
We
(Hampstead Heath) were the first of the six
groups to arrive, Epping Forest, Burnham Beeches,
City Commons, West Ham Park, and City Gardens
all arrived in the next 20 minutes. In the meantime
I had discovered that the ride was a one-way
trip and that we were expected to go our separate
ways after the event.
We
were ushered into Guildhall Yard just after
midday and were greeted by a few dozen people,
including UK 'javelin legend' Tessa Sanderson.
I
took a few photographs and teamed up with Di
who was the only other person going back to
Camden. We decided to head for Angel as we could
both navigate to our destinations from there.
Made it there without any problems and parted
company.
A
very good experience.
Thursday
7th July
Wet
morning, left just after 06:00.
Had
a good workout and returned via the towpath. Almost
came off at Camden Lock, I decided to stop and take
pictures of the closed lock gates and rode over a one
inch culvert, the front tyre made it but the rear stepped
out and I almost landed in a heap, heart-quake!!!
1 outer, 2 inner, 2 Broad Walk.
Took
the 14:04 from Euston up to Harrow. Hey, if I can ride
in the middle of The City, why not in suburban Harrow?
:-)
Got
back just after 21:00.
A
very good day indeed!
Friday
8th July
Decided
not to ride this morning, don't like the wet. I might
go out this evening if it brightens up.
Saturday
9th July
Struggled
to get out of bed this morning, finally hit the road
at around 08:00.
I
must have seen five or six boats on the canal, never
seen it so busy.
1
outer, 3 inner, zoo to Lisson Grove - Lisson Grove to
Royal College St.
Sunday
10th July
Camden Cyclists - London Parks
Ride:
Easy
paced, family oriented ride for Bike Week. We'll
visit some of London's parks and open spaces,
having lunch in one of the park cafes or local
pub, or bring your own. 15 miles max, back by
4. Meet in time to leave at 11 am. LCCC
Jul 10, 2011
11:00 AM to 04:00 PM
Meet at Garden Cafe on Inner Circle, Regents
Park
Contact: James Brander
Phone: 7267 3585
Holland
Park
Brompton
Cemetery
Household
Cavalry Museum
The
Palace
Set
off from Regent's Park at 11:15. Rode along
the canal to Little Venice, then headed south
through Paddington to Hyde Park, rode through
the park and Kensington Gardens to Holland Park,
- where we had lunch - Knightsbridge. Kept going
south through Chelsea, crossed the river on
the Albert Bridge to Battersea Park, rode the
length of the park after a coffee break and
crossed the river 'back to civilisation' on
Chelsea Bridge. Headed North through Pimlico
and Westminster to St James Park, down The Mall
to Green Park, Hyde Park corner, through the
park and through Marylebone back to Regent's
Park.
Got
back at 15:55, bl__dy marvellous!
Was
enjoying it so much I only took a few photographs.
Seriously
thinking about the Chilterns ride now.
Monday 11th July
On
the road just after 05:30.
It's
getting easier but padded shorts are still needed.
2
outer, 3 inner, 3 Broad Walk Tuesday
12th July
Was
out of here at 05:20, great conditions.
The
Boathouse
4
ladies playing badminton at 06:10
I
did my usual stint and hardly broke sweat..... I can
feel the Ody growing. :-)
2
outer, 3 inner, 2 Broad Walk
Wednesday
13th July
Out
after 06:30, nice morning for a ride around the park.
Moored
boats - Cumberland Basin
Feng
Shang Princess - Restaurant
Took
these photographs while waiting for the towpath gate
to be unlocked.
2
outer, 2 inner, 3 Broad Walk, zoo to Lisson Grove -
Lisson Grove to Royal College St.
Thursday
14th July
Decided
to take a break today because I'll be doing a relatively
tough ride tomorrow.
I'll
be riding the length of the Parkland
Walk. It starts from Highgate
Hill in the West to Finsbury Park(PDF)
at the Eastern end. The elevation from Kentish
Town toHighgate
Hill is about 350 ft, this might not sound
like much, but when we did the peripherique
ride I had to dismount and walk the last 50m of the
highest point on Hampstead
Heath, which is only a few metres higher
than Highgate
Hill.
You
can see from the elevation profile, that the real killer
section is from 2 - 2.75 miles. Thankfully it's
all downhill from Highgate to Finsbury Park.
Camden
Town > Highgate > Finsbury Park
> Camden Town = 10.25 miles
Enough
'talk', now to walk the walk! :-)
Friday
15th July
Left
at 05:30, nice cool morning.
GPS
took me through the backstreets to Highgate in about
30 mins. The hill defeated me, but I'll be back!
Signpost
Half-pipe
on the Parkland Walk
The
ride took about 1 hour 45 minutes, with lots of stops
to take photographs and enjoy the solitude.
Great
ride.
Camden
Town > Highgate > Finsbury Park
> Camden Town = 10.25 miles
Saturday
16th July
The
rain put paid to any thoughts of cycling.
Sunday
17th July
Was
on the road at 07:10. A little drizzle and a chill in
the air, but soon warmed up.
Clouds
gathering over the park
The
Sunday morning Lance Armstrongs were out in force, they're
so annoying!
Made
it back home before the heavens opened.
Good
ride.
2
outer, 2 inner, 3 Broad Walk, towpath to Royal College
St.
Monday 18th July
Out
at 06:45! Cold, blustery morning, where has summer gone?
Ready Money fountain and a deserted Broad Walk
As
I was leaving the park, I saw a cyclist being issued
a fixed penalty notice by a police officer. At that
time of the day there's absolutely no excuse for using
pedestrian only footpaths, cretin!
I
enjoyed the ride in spite of the miserable conditions.
2
outer, 2 inner, 3 Broad Walk, towpath to RCS.
Tuesday 19th July
Another
cold, blustery day, at least it didn't rain.
2
outer, 3 inner, 2 Broad Walk, 30 min walk in the park.
Wednesday 20th July
Left
at around 06:00 and realised straight away that the
rear tyre was flat. I pumped it up and it seemed fine
so I pushed on to the park. While I was having a water
break I took a closer look at the tyre and found the
puncture. I had booked the bike in for a service at
11:00 so I decided to leave the job to the experts!
The
Hub and Mappin Terraces in background.
Good
ride.
2
outer, 3 inner, 2 Broad Walk, towpath to Lisson Grove
- Lisson Grove to RCS.
Picked
up the bike at 15:00, brakes had been adjusted, gears
shifted nicely, chain, derailers and cassette cleaned
and greased. The big surprise is that they actually
repaired the puncture! And, they didn't even mention
it, nevermind trying to charge for it! Probably an attempt
to make up for the appalling service they'd provided
up until then.
Rode
to the park to check it out on familiar asphalt.
1
outer, 2 inner, 2 Broad Walk, in the rain!
Thursday 21th July
On
the road before 05:30, rear tyre was still fully inflated.
Primrose
Hill
Outdoor
Gym
Outdoor
Gym
Rode
straight to Primrose Hill to use the outdoor gym, time
to start working on the upperbody! :-O
Good
ride.
2
outer, 2 inner 1 Broad Walk.
Friday 22th July
Can't
remember what I did on Friday, but it was at least two
outer and two inner......
Saturday 23th July
Went
with Shormeh to an all-female cycle training session,
left after five minutes so as to spare
some blushes! :-0
Sunday 24th July
Took the train up to Harrow, a lovely
day to be out on a bike.
Clouds
over Harrow.
Got
back at 19:29, very good day.
Monday 25th July
Didn't ride.
Tuesday 26th July
On
the road at 05:30.
Rode
to Camden Square to 'say' thank you to Amy Winehouse
for the music.
Tributes
outside Amy Winehouse's home - Camden Square,
London.
2
outer, 2 inner, 2 Broad Walk.
Wednesday 27th July
Didn't
ride.
Thursday 28th July
Didn't
ride.
Friday 29th July
On
the road at around 05:30.
Met
up with Chris on the Parkland Walk after another Highgate
Hill defeat. I'll ask him to write the entry.
Hired
a 'Boris bike' and had a two hour training session with
Shormeh in Regent's park, she's coming on very well.
Walked back home on the towpath - Camden Lock
Big
fun!
Odometer reading: 9.58 miles. :-O
Sunday 31st July
Left
home with Shormeh at around 08:00.
The
offending docking point - Regent's Park
For
the second day in a row we didn't get a 'green light'
after docking the bike, so had to call them up to make
sure that the ride had 'closed'. Annoying!!
Odometer
reading: 8.60 miles
'Survival'
Kit
Entry level cycle computer
Contents of 'The Bag'!
1. First Aid Kit
2. Spare inner tube
3. Multi-tool
4. Spanner
5. Puncture Kit - for the dreaded 2nd flat!
6. Latex gloves and cloth
7. Hand sanitizer
8. Hand pump
9. Water
10. Reflective bands
11. Oyster card, ID and blood group
12. Spare gloves
13. Phone
14. Some cash
This
kit is really for long rides, if you're not far from
home you obviously don't need all this stuff, but ID
is always a good idea. I'll be adding a small pair of
pliers to the kit, they're good for removing glass and
other sharp objects from tyres.
The
computer is great, it cost under £20 and does
everything I want. There's a speedo an odometer, 2 ride
distances, duration of ride, maximum speed, average
speed and clock. Cateye
Enduro 8 (wired)
AUGUST
2011
Monday
1st August
DNR (Did not ride)
Tuesday 2nd August DNR
Wednesday
3rd August
DNR
Thursday
4th August
DNR
Friday
5th August
DNR
- slowly
recovering from a viral infection.
Saturday 6th August
DNR
Nose
is running like a tap, I'll have to get some Contac
if I'm going to be able to join the ride tomorrow.
Sunday
7th August
DNR
Sky
Ride Local London
Starting out from the Great
Western Terminus join us on our gentle cycle cruise,
away from the bustling traffic, through north
west London. We'll glide past Little Venice until
we reach our half way point in the shadow of Wembley
stadium before heading back into the bustle of
the city. The
Ride
START
TIME
10.00am
AGE
RESTRICTIONS
None
ESTIMATED
DURATION
130
mins.
PACE
Leisurely
(7-8 mph)
DISTANCE
10.6
miles
BIKE
SUITABILITY
All
bike types
SUITABLE
FOR CHILD TRAILERS
Yes
Monday
8th August
DNR
Tuesday 9th August
DNR
Wednesday 10th August
DNR
Thursday 11th August
DNR
Friday 12th August
DNR
Saturday 13th August
DNR
Sunday 14th August
Hit
the road at around 06:15, nice cloudy morning.
Still
coughing so decided to take it easy, did a couple of
leisurely laps of the outer and inner circles. I still
had some more in the legs so decided to find a quiet
route to Finsbury Park. My next Parkland Walk ride will
start at Finsbury Park and end at Ally Pally.
'Boy
and Butterflies' by Tom Harvey - Penguins at London
Zoo - The Emirates Stadium
Really
good ride!
Odometer
reading: 17.41 miles
Monday 15th August - DNR - Thursday 25th August
SEPTEMBER
2011
Sunday 4th September
After
failing to complete a single lap last year, the aim
was to do two this year. Well, I guess I've laid that
ghost well and truly to rest!
I'm feeling a bit sore but loved every second of it,
even the drenching. Brilliant!
Decided
to do some more hill climbing in Hampstead, had a really
good workout.
Top:
The Viaduct, sunrise over Parliament Hill athletics track,
the ice house/keeper's hut.
Bottom: Bird Bridge, rear of the ice house/keeper's hut,
path through the woods.
Saturday
29th October
I
was back in Hampstead tackling the 'big' hills again
today, the old lungs were not impressed!
Decided
to stay on the flat today so headed for Kennsington
Gardens.
Top:
Diana memorial fountain, path through Kensington gardens,
statue of Queen Victoria - Kensington Palace .
Bottom: Albert Hall and Memorial, the Elfin
Oak, plaque.
Odometer
reading: 15.48 miles
Saturday
12th October
Hyde
Park and Kensington Gardens.
Odometer
reading: 11.53 miles
Sunday
13th October
Hyde
Park, Kensington Gardens and Regent's Park.
Odometer
reading: 15.11 miles
NOVEMBER
2011
Saturday
19th November
Hyde
Park and Kensington Gardens.
Odometer
reading: 10.84 miles
DECEMBER
2011
Sunday
25th December
Left
home at around 08:30, temperature was 12°C!
Trafalgar
Square - Buckingham Palace - Hyde Park - Paddington
- Regent's Park
What
a great way to prepare for the annual mega-binge! :-)
Odometer
reading: 14.17 miles
MARCH
2012
Saturday
31st March
Felt
good to be back in the saddle after the winter hiatus!
Used an app called MapMyRide to record
my GPS track.
Screenshot
of the MapMyRide web page.
Odometer
reading: 12.02 miles
APRIL
2012
Sunday
1st April
Left
home at round 07.30, bitterly cold wind. Had a good
session with Chris in Finsbury Park, but had to cut
it short because of the cold.
Odometer
reading: 10.98 miles
Good
Friday 6th April
Met
up with Chris and had a good workout in Finsbury Park.
Left just before dark, after spending a few hours with
the brothers.
Odometer
reading: 13.22 miles
Easter
Sunday 8th April
Was
in the park at 07.30.
I'm
'road testing' an Android app called My Tracks
by Google. It records your GPS tracks and shows live
statistics such as time, speed, distance, and elevation
– while hiking, cycling, running or participating
in other outdoor activities.
Walked
down to Seven Sisters Rd with Biko before heading home.
This
is the track of our Easter session using My
Tracks:
My
first impression of My Tracks is 'kw333'!
It
integrates very well with Google Maps, Street
View and Google Earth to make
it a very impressive GPS tracking and navigation app.
Fantastic!
The
video, shot in Amsterdam by the people behind Budapest-based
website Hungarian Cycle Chic, gives a flavour of what
LCC and other campaigners are seeking to emulate.
